Introduction of Computers

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS

Computer is a programmable electronic device which designed to accept different types data (inputs) from several users, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations (process data) at high speed, and display the results (Output) by the help of different output device.

So in general sens computer basically perform, the three fundamental tasks (Input, Process, and Output)

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer): It was the first general-purpose electronic computer system and it developed by help of 17,468 Vacuum tubes. 

COMPUTER TYPES
All the computers can be classified in the three following categories.

1. Analog computer: These types of computers mostly used to perform scientific operations like
Temperature measurement, Rain, and Weather forecasting.

Analog Computer

2. Digital Computer: These types of computers mostly used for personal and commercial purpose and can be seen anywhere such (bank, school, library, offices, etc.)

The main functioning area of digital computers.
1. Storing a large amount of data.

2. Help to very fast processing in accounts

3. Entertainment and education in home

4. Education in schools, college, and institute

5. Help to access remote information by internet.

Digital Computer

Digital Computers can be further subclassified in the following categories.

a. Mini Computer: These types of computers are available in small size and with less capacity than comparing of mainframe computers.
Examples: Notebook, Laptop.

Laptop

b. Main Frame Computer: Mainframe computers are large in size and capacity to process a large amount of data very quickly. They are mostly used by large organization and institutions, such as government agencies and large corporations.

MainFrame Computer

c. Super Computer: Supercomputers are special types of computers that perform at or near the currently highest operational rate for computers. A supercomputer is typically used for scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computation (or both).

Super Computer

Hybrid Computer: the hybrid computer is a combination of Digital and Analog computer’s attributes, therefore, it can do all the task, which can perform by Digital and Analog computers.

Hybrid Computer

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

First Generation Computer

Features

1.   Large and bulky in size

2.   No input and output devices are available

3.   Main component “vacuum tube”

Second Generation Computer

Features

1.   Small size than compare of first generation computers.

2.   No input and output devices are available

3.   Main component “Transistor”

Third Generation Computer

Features

1.   Small size than compare of second generation computers.

2.   Input and output devices are available  

3.   Main component “IC (Integrated circuit)”

Note: IC (Integrated circuit) consisted of silicon metal

Fourth Generation Computer

Features

1.  Very small size

2.  Very fast speed with 100% accuracy

3.  Input-output devices are available  

4.  Main component “Processor is also known as CPU”

Fifth Generation Computer

Features
1.   Use computer simulation programs such AI (Artificial intelligence)

2.   Very fast speed with large storing capacity

3.   Main component AI (Artificial intelligent)

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Main component of second generation computer.

a) Transistor               c) IC

b) Vacuum tube          d) Processor

Ans. a

2. Who is known as the father of computer

a) Bill Gate                     c) Albert Einstein

b) Charlge Babbage        d) None of the above

Ans. b

3. Who is known as the father of windows
a) Bill Gate                       b) Albert Einstein
c) Charge Babbage           d) Dave Cutler
Ans. d

4. What is the name of the first computer
a)  ENIAC                        b) Abacus
c) Digital computer          d) Analog computer
Ans. b

5. What is the name of the first electronic computer

a)  ENIAC                        b) Abacus

c) Digital computer          d) Analog computer

Ans. a

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